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Figi

III

' provenierits in the means of manufacturing drawing the materialthrough adieor hole over ving a mass ofhot and half-solid met wise ofthe pipe. Another vmode provides forA That our improvementsditfer'withall foregoshown hereiuafter,wi1l be preferable. The met- Umrnn STATESJas. n. sERnnLL AND DAVID ArENr Frise SMITH, or new YORK, N. Y.

C-ENTRIPETAL PRESS.

.To all whom it may' concern.' 1 Be it knownthat we, JAMES E. SERREL-L,civil engineer, and DAVIDSMIT-H," lead-pipe manufacturer,'both of thecity of New York, have invented-and made certain new z i-nd'usefu'l,im-

lad pipe from a slug of metal in-closed or cast in a cell,and-compressed upon a mandrel in lateral directions, so 4that `the'pressure around is concentrated in-the center on the material, andforcesthat portionof vlead to rise between parts that give thematerial-the required form whileissuiug fromthe cel-l'by a new arrange,-ment of mechanical means, operated lon by a hydraulic press or ,anyvother competent power. That the general arrangement of me: chan-icalIparts "hereinafter deseribed, though4 originally intended by us. formaking leadpipe, may be applied tdotheruses, and give other formstoother ductile metals, or give other 'forms to other substances, eitherthrough local -variations of `the parts that. givethe required' form tothe material, or by mechanical variations of the means employedthrough'which the power operates on'the'forming parts, these effectsbeing produced by means substantially the same as those we use,anddeseribe hereinafteras ourinvention and improvements, and for whichimprovements we seek Letters Patent oftheUnited States.. That one4 ofthe ori ginal modes of maki ng lead or other pipe 'was by a mandrelorcore. That other'inodes of compressing slugs oiingots byhydraulic-pressure now in use effectthe forming pipe by. compress-A alendwise, which mass i s separated to pass on each side of the bridge bywhich the mandrel is held, and has toweld or reunite beyond this point,thus risking an imperfectly -adhesive seam length- `compressing themetal -intopipe, which is forced out through or behind thecompressingrai'n or follower, and inl nearly all-such casest aconsiderable portion of the slug o r ingot of metal is left in thechamberof compression.

ing modes by Acasting the meta-l round a'core or mandrel of any propersize in the center of acell, which vcell may be of almost any form; butit is believed aisquare, as described and al is then securely coveredhva movable platen operating on the material.

tional' elevation o f the lower .portion of Figi,A

4vided at the line l 1 ei' Figs. 3, 4, Vbelow the line-'C D,- Fig. l.Fig. [of the machine at" and below the line A B of Figs; 1` and2,"showing the relative positions havinga die or hole round' the upperend or point of the.l core or mandrel, of a size'to give thel pipeany-proper thickness round the bore formed by the core or mandrel, and acompetentlateralcompressionforces'the metal to issue through the dieround the core or mandrel with therequired size of bore' and thicknessofpipe.. .y

The general means of effecting these objects are fully and substantiallysetfor'th and shown in the following description, referringto theaccompanying drawings, wherein Figure l'is a full elevation of acomplete machine for making lead pipe, when ready for Fig. 2. is aseeshowing'the machine as it would appear if diand 5, but

ofthefoot-p'late, lower and pressing platen,

. and the positionofthe pressing-wedges.' Fig.

4 is a plan of the partsV at, around, and below the line G D, but abovethe line A B,- Fjgs. 1 vand, 2, and 'shows the form of thepress-earriage with the relative positions ofthe pressing-wedges,andforms of the lateral pressingblocks with the cell for the slug oringot, and the, mandrel o r; core, to form the bore of .the

- pipe, shown as wheirready to 'commence work and forni the pipe. Fig. 5isa plan of the vpress-blocks shown i'n Fig. 4, but represented as inthe positions they assume, when closed in after forming onel length ofpipe from the slug .or ingotl of metal.. Fig. 6 isa sectional elevationofthe parts above the line C D, Figs; l and 2, taken in tl1e. line]2 12of Figs. 4 and 7, or nearly at an angle of fortyfive degrees wi th theFigs'. l and 2; Fi 7 is a plan ofthe parts at and below the line E F,Figs. l and, show- -in'g theform of the covering, holding, and opening.platen, the position for the core and die to form' the bore andthieknessof the pipe, and the working-joints and screws of thetogglc-armsthat govern .the-action of this platen,

v'1a-nd the same. letters and numbers and otherv marks of referenceapply-to the like parts in all the severaligures. p l

In these iigures, G is a hydraulic-press c5l inder, beneaththefoot-plate ll, which 'pla-te is connected by 1 ie-rods a a to thehead-plate .L ln, the cylinder G- is the 'ram b. the top of 3 is a plan`which takes a metal block,1-c, beneath the pressing'-I'ilaten I.' Onthis platen I'are'our vertical wedges, d d d d. 'These are vvshown invFigs. 1, 2, 3, 4,;and7 ajs formed with outsides vertically paralleltol-the axis ofthe' machine,

and from theirupper'fends' downwardincreas# p ing their Athicknessinward in the -li11e"=oi" aar arc of acir,ele, ..whichA increase ofthickness is shown as in the, proportion ,of -three fat the bottoni toone atl thev topina length 4oftwelve5 l but we do not mean toconinelourselw'fes to these proportionsno'r to the form of the' inner faces of.thesewedges, as we :intend to fuse wedges of either two straight lines'divergingA toward the' bottom, or ',to'use ajstraight outer face and aparabolicallyfcurved; inner face, in any case having in view theobtaining' the smallest 'compressive motion 'and greatestpower atstarting the machinery,-and increasl ing the rate of the compressingaction as Ithe lower partsQfthe wedges come-up to act on the reducedandsmaller quantity of metal or other material under compression,bygiving the lower and larger ends of the'wedges such an increase ofthickness as is, found practically best for this purpose, according tothe density or'ductility of the material operated on.-

K isa fixed pressl carriagefblockecuredin I'place lon the tierods 3,(See Figs.4 -1 `and 2,) and having. at f j ff ver"- tical vflangesservingv as vholders. and guides at the back of the wedges d d d d, thatcome.

vthrough the block ,I Between the returns of each two flanges fare'qcontinued other' guide'ilanges, e 'c c c, standing on the block Kat an angle-offorty-ve degrees-with the Iian ges .Eacliof these ilangesc has a-tongue or prof j ection, 4, and thro'ugheach flange e and tongue4 are two er more screw-bolts, 5, the points of which take a slide-cap,6, that stands against one face .of each of the lateral press-blocks y.g f g g. Betweeneach wedge d and press-block g 'is an intermediateknuckle-block, 7, formed section ally as seen iu Fig. 2, so that. itaccommodates itself to the variations of the vertical angle formed onthe face-of each wedge d as that rises, and a flange -at each end ofeach block 7 takes a notch in the face ol'each 'press-v block gf, sothat the knuckle-block and pressblock g move regularly together. angleof the same face, and next the face ofthe next block, eachpressing-block f/ is fitteda with a returned into a returned groove,14:,l in theface of each wedge d, which groove iscut out of theperpendicular-With the top to the right, as 'seen in Fig. 2, so thatthough the wedges d each aseend perpendicularly and all at the sametime, the press-blocks r/ areeac'h forced inv a compound direction, bothsidewisey and laterally, or inward toward the center of the machine, insuch a manner that the inner angle of each block g travels towardthecenter at an angle i of forty-five degrees with the face of thepressing-wedge, 4when four wedges and blocks are used,as shown anddescribed herein butit will be readily understood that the number ofthese a a by collars 2 and nuts guide-hook, 13, that takes 'handed andleft-handed screws 11v 11.

'wedges and blocks 'maybe varied lto suit any gven'u'se, and'that asthenumberis is varied'the' Aline'iof the angle in which each blockvtravels will bevaried correspondingly with the numvFor instance,three"blocks will travel at au angle of thirty deglees ber of wedges andblocks.

with the faces" of -the three wedges, andmthis `number `may sometimesbe. used advantageously, as this angle slides easy against considerableresistance, butdoes not come up to -the medium or balance'` ofeifectlbetween' repower thatthe'angle of sistanceffriction, and

forty-iive degrees obtains, while, on the .con=

irary,if a morerapid movement is admissible,

iive blocks. moving at an angle of fifty-four de`- grees, with' thefaces ofthe' ve wedges or six blocks moving at an angle of sixty degreeswith thefaces of sijx wedges, may be employed; but eight'blocks, movingat an angle of sixty-seven degrees thirty ninutes with the faces ofeight Wedges, would probablvbe of very small useful 4eieet, and we statethese numbers, angles,

and effects, as we intend'to use any number of WedgesA or --analogousmeans to give. lateral compression on -blocks moving laterally that maybe most availablefor any given purpose. Between the four lateral y.andcentral pressing.- blocks g'last described isA the cell 15 shown in.Figsi- 2 and 4 as open and ready'for receiving fluid -metal cast inround'thecore or mandrel o in its center; and in Fig. 5 the cell isshown as nearly closed after-compressing the slug. Above the cell -15 isthe covering, hold ing, and,v opening platen h, (see Figs. 1,12, 6, and7,) the use of which is to close the cell 15 after themetal is poured into form the slug, Iand'to hold the to prevent their risingand yet permittheir lateral movement'. ln the center of the lower 'face of theplatengk 'is ar die, l17', made as' seen sectionally in Figs. 2 and 6,operating round the core or mandrel 0,'to give the pipe the re'- quiredthickness round 4the bore. Upon'the platen h are two knuckle-jointpieces, 8 8, receiving the lower ends of a pair of toggle-joint arms, ii, the upper arms, k jointed at 9\'9 to the head-block L. Theintermediate joints of these toggl e-arms are made double, las shown at1.0 10, and the ends of the "ifnterm 4listejoint-pieees are made toproject,`

sc that each joint-piece 10 forms a nut at-each side ofthe joint, topass the threadsof rightshafts of these screws-pass through pair ofsliding guide-grommets, 1616, on two of the tie-'rods a a, and havemounted on one end of each a matching tooth-wheel, l l, workingxtogether to move the screws 11 11 at the same speed, in or out; -and asthis operation proceeds the guide-grommets 16 slide up or down, the useof these being. merely to steady the 'ends4 of the screws, as ,these arenecessarily placed on eachside the tie-rods, to leave room .for theascent ofthe wedges d d; and `on one ily-wheel, mi, with a crank shaft11 is a small handle, n', or this wheel mmay bea drum connccted to powerin any convenient manner.

lateral press-blocks g g, so asv "k, of which are.'

The

By turning the screws 11 11 inward,.the cover- I 19', at their outerends, and a joint, 20, on the platen h is lifted, to allow of pouringthe melted and iuid lead into the, cell 15, in which the metal isskimmed, asusual, to take off dirt and oxidation, and before themetal isset the cover-platen h is let down by screwing the screws 11 11 outward.f This both closes the top of the cell 15 and holds down thepressing-blocks g'g, as before referred to and described. When thusready, the hydraulic press or other fit power is to be put in action toraise and the fluid-lead held within them commences to rise,`and theascending part first' fills the die 17 round the mandrel. The motion ofthe press or power is then suspended until the metal is just solid, andthe press or power then recommencing, the metal issues through the die17 in theform4 of a pipe, and ascendsy betweenthe screws andtoggle-joints, and is led out of [a holeA in the center of the head-4blockL. (See Fig. 6.) As the pipe issues, the metal within decreasingin' 'resistance' in proportion to the decrease of quantity, the curvedfaces of the wedges d dforce the pressing-block, g" inward at' a' rateincreasing in speed ais-the compressed metal diminishes' in quantity andresistance, the knuckle-blocks 7 accommodatingthemselves to the facesofthe. A wedges, and this operation proceeds-until fthe press-blocks,closing on .the lcenterh 'ave left a-very small `quantity of material*round the mandrel. One important di'erence between this and formermachinery for such or'similar purposes is, that the compressing actionbeing 'alike on allthe sides of the'cell 15, the' pressure isconcentrated round the core. This beingslightly conical, assists the-metal insliding or sheathing ofi", and theultimateeectivepressure isdenoted .when that on one side is multiplied by? the'whole number 'ofpress-blocks g in motion, insteadof being limited to the same amountofpressure acting ou the surface off one part, as in similar uses. y A

It will be readily seen that ythe pressingblocks g g maybe' forcedinward by the d'irect action of hydraulic presses acting in the sameline with'the blocks; or that radial rods 18, Fig. 8, having each .animmovable pivot,

former machines for this or inner ends to the corresponding press-blockg with the body of the machine forced into a limited rotation on thecenter in the direction of the arrows; or lateral toggle-joints, cams,or eccentrics may either of them be used to give the press-blocks g g asimultaneous lat- .eral and uniform movement, compressing-the Vmaterialthey operate on toward the center of the machine without any substantialdeparture from the arrangement we have herein described and' shown asour invention, the esseutial elements of which consist in the operating,from any plurality of points of motion, to produce a simultaneouslyacting lateral 'compression on any plurality 'of surfaces of any givensubstance, andy to force the substance, under this treatment, to assumeany required form which the machine and power are competent to produce;and we consider this invention as essentiallydiffering from all othersfor similar purposes, l because all such others, as far as we know.operate by apply- -ing the power from one or two points-only in a directline upon one or two lsurfaces only,

instead of applying' the power so that it shall beconcentrated onthecenter of thev material, and-that the same maximum'eifect. shall beproduced and'operate on each of several surfaces and at the same instantof time andprogress.

vWhatwe elaimlassnew and of our own 'invention', and desire to secure byLetters Patent-of the United States, ise- ,The application of aplurality of pressingblocks,'g g, which, with the exception of thebottom and top, inclose on`al1 sides the material to vbe actedon,andwhich blocks are so constructed as to allo'w'of their lateralcompressing action when moved in the compound jdirection hereindescribed by a like number of w'edges, d d, orwith any analogous orequivalent device, through which any' competent powervcanact to forcetheblocks g with a simultaneous compound and centripetal motion thatconcentrates the'pressure on a plurality of surfaces of material to givethe material a required form or degree of pressure, substantially asdescribed and shown. l

In witness whereof we have hereunto'subscribed our names,- in the cityof New York, this 16th day of April, 1849.

JAMES E. SERRELL. DAVID SMITH.

Witnesses:

W. SERRELL. LEMUEL W.S1;RR.ELL.

